原著:Herbert B. Callen 翻译:超理汉化物理组本文档由热心网友翻译制作,原著书名为:Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics (second edition),属 John Wiley & Sons公司出版物,ISBN 978-0471862567。

zlib/Physics/Mechanics/Herbert B. Callen/热力学与统计物理导论_24187178.pdf

THERMODYNAMICS AND AN INTRODUCTON TO THERMOSTATISTICS SECOND EDITION

Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, 2nd Edition

Callen, Herbert B.

Jossey-Bass, Incorporated Publishers

John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated

WILEY COMPUTING Publisher

2nd ed., New York, New York State, 1985

United States, United States of America

2nd ed., corr, New York, 1987

2, PS, 1991

Bibliography: p. 485-486.
Rev. ed. of: Thermodynamics. 1960.
Includes index.

Bookmarks: p1 (p1): PART Ⅰ GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS
p1-1 (p2): Introduction The Nature of Thermodynamics and the Basis of Thermostatistics
p1-2 (p5): 1 THE PROBLEM AND THE POSTULATES
p1-2-1 (p5): 1.1 The Temporal Nature of Macroscopic Measurements
p1-2-2 (p6): 1.2 The Spatial Nature of Macroscopic Measurements
p1-2-3 (p9): 1.3 The Composition of Thermodynamic Systems
p1-2-4 (p11): 1.4 The Internal Energy
p1-2-5 (p13): 1.5 Thermodynamic Equilibrium
p1-2-6 (p15): 1.6 Walls and Constraints
p1-2-7 (p16): 1.7 Measurability of the Energy
p1-2-8 (p18): 1.8 Quantitative Definition of Heat—Units
p1-2-9 (p25): 1.9 The Basic Problem of Thermodynamics
p1-2-10 (p27): 1.10 The Entropy Maximum Postulates
p1-3 (p35): 2 THE CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM
p1-3-1 (p35): 2.1 Intensive Parameters
p1-3-2 (p37): 2.2 Equations of State
p1-3-3 (p40): 2.3 Entropic Intensive Parameters
p1-3-4 (p43): 2.4 Thermal Equilibrium—Temperature
p1-3-5 (p45): 2.5 Agreement with Intuitive Concept of Temperature
p1-3-6 (p46): 2.6 Temperature Units
p1-3-7 (p49): 2.7 Mechanical Equilibrium
p1-3-8 (p54): 2.8 Equilibrium with Respect to Matter Flow
p1-3-9 (p56): 2.9 Chemical Equilibrium
p1-4 (p59): 3 SOME FORMAL RELATIONSHIPS，AND SAMPLE SYSTEMS
p1-4-1 (p59): 3.1 The Euler Equation
p1-4-2 (p60): 3.2 The Gibbs-Duhem Relation
p1-4-3 (p63): 3.3 Summary of Formal Structure
p1-4-4 (p66): 3.4 The Simple Ideal Gas and Multicomponent Simple Ideal Gases
p1-4-5 (p74): 3.5 The “Ideal van der Waals Fluid”
p1-4-6 (p78): 3.6 Electromagnetic Radiation
p1-4-7 (p80): 3.7 The “Rubber Band”
p1-4-8 (p81): 3.8 Unconstrainable Variables； Magnetic Systems
p1-4-9 (p84): 3.9 Molar Heat Capacity and Other Derivatives
p1-5 (p91): 4 REVERSIBLE PROCESSES AND THE MAXIMUM WORK THEOREM
p1-5-1 (p91): 4.1 Possible and Impossible Processes
p1-5-2 (p95): 4.2 Quasi-Static and Reversible Processes
p1-5-3 (p99): 4.3 Relaxation Times and Irreversibility
p1-5-4 (p101): 4.4 Heat Flow：Coupled Systems and Reversal of Processes
p1-5-5 (p103): 4.5 The Maximum Work Theorem
p1-5-6 (p113): 4.6 Coefficients of Engine，Refrigerator，and Heat Pump Performance
p1-5-7 (p118): 4.7 The Carnot Cycle
p1-5-8 (p123): 4.8 Measurability of the Temperature and of the Entropy
p1-5-9 (p125): 4.9 Other Criteria of Engine Performance； Power Output and“Endoreversible Engines”
p1-5-10 (p128): 4.10 Other Cyclic Processes
p1-6 (p131): 5 ALTERNATIVE FORMULATIONS AND LEGENDRE TRANSFORMATIONS
p1-6-1 (p131): 5.1 The Energy Minimum Principle
p1-6-2 (p137): 5.2 Legendre Transformations
p1-6-3 (p146): 5.3 Thermodynamic Potentials
p1-6-4 (p151): 5.4 Generalized Massieu Functions
p1-7 (p153): 6 THE EXTREMUM PRINCIPLE IN THE LEGENDRE TRANSFORMED REPRESENTATIONS
p1-7-1 (p153): 6.1 The Minimum Principles for the Potentials
p1-7-2 (p157): 6.2 The Helmholtz Potential
p1-7-3 (p160): 6.3 The Enthalpy； The Joule-Thomson or “Throttling” Process
p1-7-4 (p167): 6.4 The Gibbs Potential； Chemical Reactions
p1-7-5 (p172): 6.5 Other Potentials
p1-7-6 (p173): 6.6 Compilations of Empirical Data； The Enthalpy of Formation
p1-7-7 (p179): 6.7 The Maximum Principles for the Massieu Functions
p1-8 (p181): 7 MAXWELL RELATIONS
p1-8-1 (p181): 7.1 The Maxwell Relations
p1-8-2 (p183): 7.2 A Thermodynamic Mnemonic Diagram
p1-8-3 (p186): 7.3 A Procedure for the Reduction of Derivatives in Single-Component Systems
p1-8-4 (p190): 7.4 Some Simple Applications
p1-8-5 (p199): 7.5 Generalizations：Magnetic Systems
p1-9 (p203): 8 STABILITY OF THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS
p1-9-1 (p203): 8.1 Intrinsic Stability of Thermodynamic Systems
p1-9-2 (p207): 8.2 Stability Conditions for Thermodynamics Potentials
p1-9-3 (p209): 8.3 Physical Consequences of Stability
p1-9-4 (p210): 8.4 Le Chatelier’s Principle； The Qualitative Effect of Fluctuations
p1-9-5 (p212): 8.5 The Le Chatelier-Braun Principle
p1-10 (p215): 9 FIRST-ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS
p1-10-1 (p215): 9.1 First-Order Phase Transitions in Single-Component Systems
p1-10-2 (p222): 9.2 The Discontinuity in the Entropy-Latent Heat
p1-10-3 (p228): 9.3 The Slope of Coexistence Curves； the Clapeyron Equation
p1-10-4 (p233): 9.4 Unstable Isotherms and First-Order Phase Transitions
p1-10-5 (p243): 9.5 General Attributes of First-Order Phase Transitions
p1-10-6 (p245): 9.6 First-Order Phase Transitions in Multicomponent Systems—Gibbs Phase Rule
p1-10-7 (p248): 9.7 Phase Diagrams for Binary Systems
p1-11 (p255): 10 CRITICAL PHENOMENA
p1-11-1 (p255): 10.1 Thermodynamics in the Neighborhood of the Critical Point
p1-11-2 (p261): 10.2 Divergence and Stability
p1-11-3 (p263): 10.3 Order Parameters and Critical Exponents
p1-11-4 (p265): 10.4 Classical Theory in the Critical Region； Landau Theory
p1-11-5 (p270): 10.5 Roots of the Critical Point Problem
p1-11-6 (p272): 10.6 Scaling and Universality
p1-12 (p277): 11 THE NERNST POSTULATE
p1-12-1 (p277): 11.1 Nernst’s Postulate，and the Principle of Thomsen and Bertholot
p1-12-2 (p280): 11.2 Heat Capacities and Other Derivatives at Low Temperatures
p1-12-3 (p281): 11.3 The “Unattainability” of Zero Temperature
p1-13 (p283): 12 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPLES FOR GENERAL SYSTEMS
p1-13-1 (p283): 12.1 General Systems
p1-13-2 (p283): 12.2 The Postulates
p1-13-3 (p284): 12.3 The Intensive Parameters
p1-13-4 (p285): 12.4 Legendre Transforms
p1-13-5 (p285): 12.5 Maxwell Relations
p1-13-6 (p286): 12.6 Stability and Phase Transitions
p1-13-7 (p287): 12.7 Critical Phenomena
p1-13-8 (p287): 12.8 Properties at Zero Temperature
p1-14 (p289): 13 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
p1-14-1 (p289): 13.1 The General Ideal Gas
p1-14-2 (p292): 13.2 Chemical Reactions in Ideal Gases
p1-14-3 (p297): 13.3 Small Deviations from “Ideality”—The Virial Expansion
p1-14-4 (p299): 13.4 The “Law of Corresponding States” for Gases
p1-14-5 (p302): 13.5 Dilute Solutions：Osmotic Pressure and Vapor Pressure
p1-14-6 (p305): 13.6 Solid Systems
p1-15 (p307): 14 IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS
p1-15-1 (p307): 14.1 General Remarks
p1-15-2 (p308): 14.2 Affinities and Fluxes
p1-15-3 (p312): 14.3 Purely-Resistive and Linear Systems
p1-15-4 (p314): 14.4 The Theoretical Basis of the Onsager Reciprocity
p1-15-5 (p316): 14.5 Thermoelectric Effects
p1-15-6 (p319): 14.6 The Conductivities
p1-15-7 (p320): 14.7 The Seebeck Effect and the Thermoelectric Power
p1-15-8 (p323): 14.8 The Peltier Effect
p1-15-9 (p324): 14.9 The Thomsen Effect
p2 (p329): ART Ⅱ TATISTICAL MECHANICS
p2-1 (p329): 15 STATISTICAL MECHANICS IN THE ENTROPY REPRESENTATION：THE MICROCANONICAL FORMALISM
p2-1-1 (p329): 15.1 Physical Significance of the Entropy for Closed Systems
p2-1-2 (p333): 15.2 The Einstein Model of a Crystalline Solid
p2-1-3 (p337): 15.3 The Two-State System
p2-1-4 (p339): 15.4 A Polymer Model—The Rubber Band Revisited
p2-1-5 (p343): 15.5 Counting Techniques and their Circumvention；High Dimensionality
p2-2 (p349): 16 THE CANONICAL FORMALISM； STATISTICAL MECHANICS IN HELMHOLTZ REPRESENTATION
p2-2-1 (p349): 16.1 The Probability Distribution
p2-2-2 (p353): 16.2 Additive Energies and Factorizability of the Partition Sum
p2-2-3 (p355): 16.3 Internal Modes in a Gas
p2-2-4 (p358): 16.4 Probabilities in Factorizable Systems
p2-2-5 (p360): 16.5 Statistical Mechanics of Small Systems：Ensembles
p2-2-6 (p362): 16.6 Density of States and Density-of-Orbital States
p2-2-7 (p364): 16.7 The Debye Model of Non-metallic Crystals
p2-2-8 (p368): 16.8 Electromagnetic Radiation
p2-2-9 (p370): 16.9 The Classical Density of States
p2-2-10 (p372): 16.10 The Classical Ideal Gas
p2-2-11 (p375): 16.11 High Temperature Properties—The Equipartition Theorem
p2-3 (p379): 17 ENTROPY AND DISORDER； GENERALIZED CANONICAL FORMULATIONS
p2-3-1 (p379): 17.1 Entropy as a Measure of Disorder
p2-3-2 (p382): 17.2 Distributions of Maximal Disorder
p2-3-3 (p385): 17.3 The Grand Canonical Formalism
p2-4 (p393): 18 QUANTUM FLUIDS
p2-4-1 (p393): 18.1 Quantum Particles； A “Fermion Pre-Gas Model”
p2-4-2 (p399): 18.2 The Ideal Fermi Fluid
p2-4-3 (p402): 18.3 The Classical Limit and the Quantum Criteria
p2-4-4 (p405): 18.4 The Strong Quantum Regime； Electrons in a Metal
p2-4-5 (p410): 18.5 The Ideal Bose Fluid
p2-4-6 (p412): 18.6 Non-Conserved Ideal Bose Fluids； Electromagnetic Radiation Revisited
p2-4-7 (p413): 18.7 Bose Condensation
p2-5 (p423): 19 FLUCTUATIONS
p2-5-1 (p423): 19.1 The Probability Distribution of Fluctuations
p2-5-2 (p424): 19.2 Moments and The Energy Fluctuations
p2-5-3 (p426): 19.3 General Moments and Correlation Moments
p2-6 (p433): 20 VARIATIONAL PROPERTIES，PERTURBATION EXPANSIONS，AND MEAN FIELD THEORY
p2-6-1 (p433): 20.1 The Bogoliubov Variational Theorem
p2-6-2 (p440): 20.2 Mean Field Theory
p2-6-3 (p449): 20.3 Mean Field Theory in Generalized Representation；the Binary Alloy
p3 (p455): PART Ⅲ FOUNDATIONS
p3-1 (p455): 21 POSTLUDE：SYMMETRY AND THE CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THERMOSTATISTICS
p3-1-1 (p455): 21.1 Statistics
p3-1-2 (p458): 21.2 Symmetry
p3-1-3 (p460): 21.3 Noether’s Theorem
p3-1-4 (p461): 21.4 Energy，Momentum and Angular Momentum； the Generalized “First Law” of Thermodynamics
p3-1-5 (p462): 21.5 Broken Symmetry and Goldstone’s Theorem
p3-1-6 (p465): 21.6 Other Broken Symmetry Coordinates—Electric and Magnetic Moments
p3-1-7 (p466): 21.7 Mole Numbers and Gauge Symmetry
p3-1-8 (p467): 21.8 Time Reversal，the Equal Probability of Microstates，and the Entropy Principle
p3-1-9 (p469): 21.9 Symmetry and Completeness
p4 (p473): APPENDIX A SOME RELATIONS INVOLVING PARTIAL DERIVATIVES
p4-1 (p473): A.1 Partial Derivatives
p4-2 (p474): A.2 Taylor’s Expansion
p4-3 (p475): A.3 Differentials
p4-4 (p475): A.4 Composite Functions
p4-5 (p476): A.5 Implicit Functions
p5 (p479): APPENDIX B MAGNETIC SYSTEMS
p6 (p485): GENERAL REFERENCES
p7 (p487): INDEX

Part I: General Principles Of Classical Thermodynamics -- Introduction: The Nature Of Thermodynamics And The Basis Of Thermostatistics -- The Problem And The Postulates -- The Conditions Of Equilibrium -- Some Formal Relationships, And Sample Systems -- Reversible Processes And The Maximum Work Theorem -- Alternative Formulations And Legendre Transformations -- The Extremum Principle In The Legendre Transformed Representations -- Maxwell Relations -- Stability Of Thermodynamic Systems -- First-order Phase Transitions -- Critical Phenomena -- The Nernst Postulate -- Summary Of Principles For General Systems -- Properties Of Materials -- Irreversible Thermodynamics -- Part Ii: Statistical Mechanics -- Statistical Mechanics In The Entropy Representation: The Microcanonical Formalism -- The Canonical Formalism: Statistical Mechanics In Helmholtz Representation -- Entropy And Disorder; Generalied Canonical Formulations -- Quantum Fluids -- Fluctuations -- Variational Properties, Perturbation Expansions, And Mean Field Theory -- Part Iii: Foundations -- Postlude: Symmetry And The Conceptual Foundations Of Thermostatistics -- Appendix A: Some Relations Involving Partial Derivatives -- Appendix B: Magnetic Systems. Herbert B. Callen. Rev. Ed. Of: Thermodynamics. 1960. Includes Index. Bibliography: P. 485-486.

The only text to cover both thermodynamic and statistical mechanics--allowing students to fully master thermodynamics at the macroscopic level. Presents essential ideas on critical phenomena developed over the last decade in simple, qualitative terms. This new edition maintains the simple structure of the first and puts new emphasis on pedagogical considerations. Thermostatistics is incorporated into the text without eclipsing macroscopic thermodynamics, and is integrated into the conceptual framework of physical theory.

Twenty-five years ago, the first edition of this text established a new conceptual structure for thermodynamics. Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, 2nd Edition maintains this now classical structure

2023-03-30