The Systems of the Body series has established itself as a highly valuable resource for medical and other health science students following today’s systems-based courses. Now thoroughly revised and updated in this third edition, each volume presents the core knowledge of basic science and clinical conditions that medical students need, providing a concise, fully integrated view of each major body system that can be hard to find in more traditionally arranged textbooks or other resources. Multiple case studies help relate key principles to current practice, with links to clinical skills, clinical investigation and therapeutics made clear throughout.
Each (print) volume also now comes with access to the complete, enhanced eBook version, offering easy anytime, anywhere access - as well as self-assessment material to check your understanding and aid exam preparation.
The Musculoskeletal System provides highly accessible coverage of the core basic science principles in the context of clinical case histories, giving the reader a fully integrated understanding of the system and its major diseases.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND THE HAND SOFT TISSUE RHEUMATIC DISEASE INVOLVING THE SHOULDER AND ELBOW NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES LOWER BACK PAIN BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN NORMAL AND DISEASE STATES THE SYNOVIAL JOINT IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: OSTEOARTHRITIS CRYSTAL ARTHROPATHIES AND THE ANKLE SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ITS DISORDERS AUTOIMMUNITY AND THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM TRAUMA AND THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM INFECTION AND THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Systems of the Body Series:
The Renal System The Musculoskeletal System The Nervous System The Digestive System The Endocrine System The Respiratory System The Cardiovascular System

lgrsnf/15189272.pdf

Sean O'Neill; Lyn March; Leslie Schrieber; Terence Moopanar; Bill Walter

Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd

Churchill Livingstone

Elsevier Science Ltd

W B Saunders Co Ltd

Elsevier - OHCE

Systems of the body, Third edition, Edinburgh, 2022

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

3, 20220604

Front Cover
IFC
The Musculoskeletal System
SYSTEMS OF THE BODY The Musculoskeletal System: BASIC SCIENCE AND CLINICAL CONDITIONS
Copyright
Contributors
Series Editor Foreword
Preface
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Contents
1 - Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Hand
Introduction
Synovial joint anatomy
Synovial joint physiology
Essential immunology
Innate immune system
Synovitis
Differential diagnosis of inflammation of the synovium
Aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Pathophysiological basis of symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis as a systemic disease
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Analgesics
Non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs
Corticosteroids
Biological treatments
Surgery for rheumatoid arthritis
Prognosis
Summary
Further Reading
2 - Soft Tissue Rheumatic Disease Involving the Shoulder and Elbow
The rotator cuff muscles
Other muscles of the shoulder
Capsule
Nerves
Clinical features of rotator cuff disease
Differential diagnosis
Corticosteroids
Applied physiology
Surgery
3 - Nerve Compression Syndromes
Introduction
Peripheral nerve anatomy
Pathophysiology and classification of nerve injury
Causes of nerve compression
Electrophysiology
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Anatomy of the carpal tunnel
Pathophysiology and causes
Conservative therapy
Surgery
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Anatomy of the cubital tunnel
Pathophysiology and causes
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
4 - Lower Back Pain
Introduction
Intervertebral discs
Lumbar zygapophyseal joints (facet joints)
Sacroiliac joints
Lumbar nerve roots and spinal cord
Ligaments
Muscles
Biomechanics of the lumbar spine
Incidence and prevalence
Natural history
Pain sources from the lumbar spine
Intervertebral disc
Acute versus chronic low back pain
Assessment of acute low back pain
Back pain from extraspinal sources
Acute low back pain
Chronic low back pain
Acknowledgements
Further reading
5 - Bone Structure and Function in Normal and Disease States
Introduction
Normal skeletal structure and function
Types of bone: cortical and cancellous
Blood supply of bone
Calcium homeostasis and hormonal control
Cellular basis of bone remodelling
Skeletal development
The adult skeleton
Metabolic bone disease
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Paget’s disease
Hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy
Sex hormone deficiency
Genetic influences
Physical activity and muscle strength
Nutrition
Glucocorticoids
Epidemiology of fractured hip
Risk factors for falls
Essential anatomy of the hip
The management of hip fractures
Femoral neck fractures
Trochanteric fractures
Medical management of osteoporotic hip fracture, including refracture prevention
Calcium
Vitamin D
Denosumab
Romosozumab
Other considerations
Further reading
References
6 - The Synovial Joint in Health and Disease: Osteoarthritis
Introduction
Anatomy
Articular cartilage
Subchondral bone
Menisci
Synovial tissues, synovial fluid and ligaments
Muscles nerves and bursae
Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis
Articular cartilage
Synovial tissues and synovial fluid
Clinical features of osteoarthritis
Symptoms
Signs
Epidemiology of osteoarthritis
Classification
Risk factors for progression
Management of osteoarthritis
Patient education and support
Exercise
Weight reduction
Tens
Other non-pharmacologicalinterventions
Analgesics
Non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs
Topical therapies
Corticosteroids
Surgery
When to have surgery
Further reading
7 - Crystal Arthropathies and the Ankle
Introduction
Essential anatomy
The ankle joints
Articular capsule, ligaments and tendons
Blood vessels and nerves
Investigations and diagnosis
Aspiration and synovial fluid analysis
Other investigations
Pathophysiology of gouty arthritis
Uric acid metabolism and hyperuricaemia
Urate crystal formation
Crystal-inducedinflammation
Treatment of acute gout
Treatment of chronic gout
Urate-loweringdrug therapy
Patients with renal impairment
Chondrocalcinosis
Diagnosis
Summary
8 - Skeletal Muscle and its Disorders
Introduction
Anatomy of skeletal muscle
The muscle fibre
Skeletal muscle structure
Types of muscle fibres
Neuromuscular junction
Muscle and tendon receptors
Muscle metabolism
Muscle contraction
Control of muscle function
Muscle fatigue and pain
Ageing and the muscular system
Investigations
Muscle enzymes
Electromyography
Muscle imaging
Muscle biopsy
Genetic studies
Specific muscle diseases
Acquired muscle diseases
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Epidemiology
Classification
Clinical features
Extramuscular features
Investigations
Cancer-associated‘myositis’
Treatment
Inclusion body myositis
Selected other acquired muscle diseases
Endocrine myopathies
Thyroid disease
Cushing’s syndrome
Acromegaly
Disorders of calcium metabolism
Infections and muscles
Drug-andtoxin-inducedmuscle disease
Inherited muscle disorders
Muscular dystrophies
Metabolic myopathies
Mitochondrial myopathies
Congenital myopathies
‘Channelopathies’
Myofascial pain syndromes
Levator scapulae myofascial pain
Fibromyalgia
Clinical features
Management
Prognosis
9 - Autoimmunity and the Musculoskeletal System
Introduction
Autoimmunity
Immunopathology
Complement
Antibodies to dsDNA
Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens
Anti-phospholipid/anti-cardiolipinantibodies
Clinical features and epidemiology
Pathology
The kidney in SLE
Other clinicopathological correlations
Environmental factors
Genetics
Treatment
Variants of SLE
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Further reading
10 - TRAUMA AND THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Introduction
Terminology
Pathophysiology
Describing a fracture
Diagnosis of fracture
Management of fractures
Complications of fractures
Functional anatomy of the knee joint
General joint morphology
Muscle control
Range of motion
Ligaments
Joint capsule
Menisci – the semilunar cartilages
Further reading
11 - Infection and the Musculoskeletal System
Introduction
Portals of entry
Biofilm
Host defences against infection
Blood supply of bone
Diagnosis of acute bone infection
Treatment of acute bone infections
Diagnosis of acute joint infections
Treatment of acute joint infections
Antibiotic therapy
Monitoring progress
Chronic infections of bones and joints
Chronic infection after an open wound
Chronic osteomyelitis
Diagnosis of chronic bone and joint infections
Management of chronic infection
GLOSSARY
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

2025-01-27